1) HTML : Hypertext Markup Language
2) HTML is a means of telling a Web browser how to display a page.
3) HTML files have an .html or .htm file extension.
4) URL : uniform resource locator.
5) The Web was mostly text based until Marc Andreessen created the first graphical Web browser in 1993, called Mosaic. This paved the way for video, sound, and photos on the Web.
6) Web server is a computer, running special software, which is always connected to the Internet.
7) A Web browser is a piece of software that runs on your personal computer and enables you to view Web pages. Web browsers, often simply called “browsers,” interpret the HTML code and provide a visual layout displayed on the screen. Many browsers can also be used to check e-mail and access newsgroups.
8) Dynamic HTML (or DHTML) is a newer version of HTML, in which page content is easily changed and customized on the fly, without having to send and receive additional information from the server. Style sheets, used especially in DHTML.
9) JavaScript is a scripting language designed to give Web pages more interactivity than can be achieved through HTML. Even though the name might make you think otherwise, JavaScript is different from Java, which is a full programming language.
10) !DOCTYPE : Tells the browser which set of standards your page adheres to
-Lists the standard (see the section “The Three Flavors of XHTML”)
–Identifies the location of the standard by linking to the URL.
11) The Three Flavors of XHTML
The W3C has specified that XHTML 1.0 be available in three flavors, or versions, to
accommodate the transition time during which developers and browsers migrate from HTML 4.0 to XHTML. You need to identify your page with one of these three flavors to help the browser validate it. Because most of your pages will probably fall into one of the three categories, you can simply copy-and-paste the DOCTYPE from one page onto all the others.
a. XHTML Transitional : This is the category under which the majority of your pages will
probably fall. It enables you to use those HTML 4.01 tags that are deprecated, as long as
you also follow the XHTML rules, such as closing all tags (even ones like br, that aren’t
required to be closed in regular HTML). Pages that are transitional are prepared for XHTML,but are also compatible with older browsers that don’t understand XHTML. To validate your pages against this flavor of XHTML, use
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">.
b. XHTML Strict : Pages that fall into this category don’t contain any deprecated tags.
These pages may not be compatible with older browsers. To validate your pages against
this flavor of XHTML, use
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">.
c. XHTML Frameset: Sites using HTML frames to divide the pages must identify with the
frameset flavor of XHTML. To validate your pages against this flavor of XHTML, use
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN"
"DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">.
